Country Profile: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, located in the Indian Ocean, are a remote territory of Australia, positioned between northwestern Australia and Timor. The islands are uninhabited, with only Indonesian fishermen granted access for fishing and other activities. The economy is primarily based on their ecological significance, as they are designated marine reserves, while governance is under Australian federal jurisdiction. Their tropical climate and unique geographic features contribute to both their environmental value and the challenges they face.
Geography
Ashmore and Cartier Islands are situated in Southeastern Asia, with Ashmore Reef approximately 840 km west of Darwin and 610 km north of Broome. The total area of the islands is just 5 square kilometers, making them roughly eight times larger than the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The islands feature low sandy terrain with coral, surrounded by maritime hazards like shoals and reefs.
- 74.1 km of coastline
- 12 nm territorial sea claimed
- 0% agricultural land (2018 estimate)
- 200 nm exclusive fishing zone
People and Society
There are no permanent inhabitants on Ashmore and Cartier Islands. However, access is granted to Indonesian fishermen for fishing and freshwater access, particularly at the lagoon of Ashmore Reef's West Island, while visits to East and Middle Islands require a permit.
- 0 permanent inhabitants
- Access permitted for Indonesian fishermen
Environment
The islands face several environmental challenges, including illegal wildlife killings, overfishing, and climate change-related issues such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification. Their tropical climate plays a significant role in the ecological dynamics of the region.
- 0% agricultural land (2018 estimate)
- Concerns over marine debris
Government
Ashmore and Cartier Islands are a territory of Australia, administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport. The laws applicable are those of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the islands do not have their own diplomatic representation.
- Governed under Australian law
- Flag of Australia is used
Military and Security
Defense responsibilities for Ashmore and Cartier Islands fall under Australia, ensuring security and protection for this remote territory.
- Defense managed by Australia
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | No permanent inhabitants | |
| Area | 5 sq km | Includes Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island |
| Coastline | 74.1 km | |
| Territorial Sea | 12 nm | |
| Exclusive Fishing Zone | 200 nm | |
| Agricultural Land | 0% | (2018 estimate) |
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