Country Profile: Bermuda

Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory located in the North Atlantic Ocean, known for its subtropical climate and vibrant tourism industry, which has historically been a cornerstone of its economy. The population is approximately 72,800, composed of a diverse mix of ethnic groups. While tourism remains significant, Bermuda has evolved into a major offshore financial center, providing substantial economic contributions. The island’s governance operates under a parliamentary democracy with a high degree of self-governance.

Geography

Bermuda is a small archipelago consisting of over 170 coral islands located in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina, USA. The total land area is approximately 54 sq km, characterized by low hills and fertile depressions, with a coastline stretching 103 km. The islands experience a subtropical climate with mild winters, making them a popular tourist destination. Natural hazards include hurricanes, which can occur from June to November.

• 54 sq km total land area.
• 103 km coastline.
• Highest point: Town Hill at 79 m.
• 5.6% of land is used for agriculture (2023).
• 14.4% of land is forested (2023).
• Located at coordinates 32 20 N, 64 45 W.

People and Society

The population of Bermuda is estimated at 72,800 in 2024, with a median age of 43.9 years. The demographic is predominantly of African descent (52%) and White (31%). English is the official language, and a variety of religions are practiced, with the largest group being Protestants (46.2%). The urban population is fully concentrated in towns, with 100% living in urban areas.

• 72,800 total population (2024 est.).
• 82.5 years life expectancy at birth (2024 est.).
• 10.82 births per 1,000 population (2025 est.).
• 0.95 male(s) to female ratio overall (2024 est.).
• 64.1 total dependency ratio (2024 est.).
• 2.1 infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2025 est.).

Economy

Bermuda has a small yet robust economy primarily driven by tourism and international business. The real GDP is estimated at $6.808 billion for 2024, showing a growth rate of 2.1%. The economy is marked by a high service sector contribution of 91.5% to GDP, while agriculture remains minimal at 0.2%. Inflation is on the rise, impacting local consumer prices.

• $6.808 billion real GDP (2024 est.).
• $105,300 real GDP per capita (2024 est.).
• 2.1% GDP growth rate (2024 est.).
• 91.5% of GDP from services (2023 est.).
• 0.2% from agriculture (2023 est.).
• $1.32 billion current account balance (2023 est.).

Government

Bermuda operates as an Overseas Territory of the UK with its parliamentary democracy. The capital city is Hamilton, and the government is led by a Premier and a bicameral Parliament. The legal system is based on English common law, and citizens have the right to vote at the age of 18. The territory has limited self-governance, with sovereignty resting with the UK.

• Capital: Hamilton.
• Government type: Parliamentary democracy.
• 18 years is the voting age.
• Chief of state: King Charles III (since 2022).
• Premier: David Burt (since 2017).
• Total of 36 seats in the House of Assembly.

Military and Security

Bermuda’s defense is managed by the UK through the Royal Bermuda Regiment, which comprises about 350 troops. The responsibilities of the regiment include maritime security, search and rescue, and public order assistance. The territory does not maintain a standing army, and military service is voluntary for those aged 18 to 45.

• 350 troops in the Royal Bermuda Regiment (2025).
• The Royal Bermuda Regiment includes maritime and security police units.
• Defense responsibilities are held by the UK.
• Service duration for enlistment is a minimum of three years.
• Equipped primarily with small arms (2025).

Energy

Bermuda boasts a 100% electrification rate for its population as of 2022. The electricity generation capacity is roughly 172,000 kW, with fossil fuels constituting 99% of the energy mix. There is a focus on sustainability issues, particularly regarding waste and emissions.

• 590.38 million kWh of electricity consumed (2023).
• 122.737 million Btu total energy consumption per capita (2023).
• 4,000 barrels of refined petroleum consumed daily (2023).
• 99% of energy is derived from fossil fuels (2023).
• 43.172 million kWh transmission losses (2023).

Transportation

Bermuda has a well-structured transport system despite its small size, featuring one main airport and a merchant marine fleet of 122 vessels. The territory's transportation includes several ports that facilitate both commercial and passenger transport.

• 1 airport in operation (2025).
• 122 vessels in the merchant marine (2023).
• Port facilities include 4 main ports (2024).
• The primary civil aircraft registration prefix is VP-B.

Communications

Bermuda has a high level of telecommunications access, with approximately 98% of the population being internet users. The communication infrastructure includes a significant number of mobile cellular subscriptions, ensuring connectivity across the territory.

• 68,164 mobile subscriptions (2022).
• 25,000 fixed-line telephone subscriptions (2021).
• 3 TV stations and 13 radio stations operate in the territory.
• Internet country code: .bm.
• 23,000 fixed broadband subscriptions (2022).

Key Metrics

Metric	Value	Note
Population	72,800	2024 estimate
Area	54 sq km	Total land area
GDP	$6.808 billion	Real GDP (2024 est.)
GDP per capita	$105,300	Real GDP per capita (2024 est.)
Life expectancy	82.5 years	2024 estimate
Birth rate	10.82 births/1,000	2025 estimate
Total energy consumption	122.737 million Btu/person	2023 estimate
Military personnel	350	Royal Bermuda Regiment (2025)
Urban population	100%	Of total population (2023)
Inflation rate	2.8%	2022 estimate (consumer prices)