Country Profile: Dominica
Dominica, known as "The Nature Island of the Caribbean," is a tropical paradise characterized by its rugged mountains and diverse ecosystems. The island has a population of approximately 74,661 residents, primarily clustered along its coasts. Economically, Dominica relies heavily on agriculture, particularly banana exports, and is gradually developing ecotourism and education sectors. As a parliamentary republic, the country gained independence from the UK in 1978, and it has a stable democratic governance structure.
Geography
Dominica is situated in the Caribbean Sea, nestled between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago. Boasting an area of 751 square kilometers, it features a rugged terrain with volcanic origins and a coastline of 148 kilometers. The island's tropical climate is moderated by northeast trade winds, contributing to its heavy rainfall and lush vegetation, earning it the title of "The Nature Island."
- Highest Point: Morne Diablotins at 1,447 m
- Total Land Area: 751 sq km
- Coastline: 148 km
- Protected Areas: The island is home to an extensive natural park system.
- Natural Hazards: Flash floods and hurricanes are common, especially during the late summer.
People and Society
The population of Dominica is predominantly of African descent (84.5%), with a vibrant mix of cultures and languages. English is the official language, while French patois is widely spoken. The demographic structure shows a median age of 37.5 years, with around 72% of the population residing in urban areas.
- Total Population (2024 est.): 74,661
- Ethnic Composition: 84.5% African descent, 9% mixed
- Urban Population: 72%
- Life Expectancy: 78.7 years
- Birth Rate: 13.02 births/1,000 population
Economy
Dominica's economy is primarily agrarian, with significant reliance on banana exports. The country aims to diversify its economic activities by enhancing ecotourism and information sectors. As of 2024, the real GDP (purchasing power parity) is projected at approximately $1.241 billion, reflecting steady economic growth.
- GDP (PPP 2024 est.): $1.241 billion
- GDP per Capita (PPP 2024 est.): $18,700
- Real GDP Growth Rate (2024 est.): 2.1%
- Exports (2024 est.): $212.753 million
- Public Debt: 71.7% of GDP (2016)
Government
Dominica operates as a parliamentary republic, with a president as the head of state and a prime minister leading the government. The country's legal system is based on English common law, and it has established a framework for democratic governance since gaining independence in 1978.
- Capital: Roseau
- Government Type: Parliamentary republic
- Suffrage Age: 18 years
- Most Recent Election: September 27, 2023
- Constitution: Entered into force on November 3, 1978
Military and Security
Dominica does not maintain regular military forces; however, it has a police force that operates under the Ministry of National Security. The country participates in the Caribbean Regional Security System to bolster regional security cooperation.
- Military Forces: No regular military; relies on police for internal security.
- Member of Caribbean Regional Security System: Since 1982.
Energy
The entire population of Dominica has access to electricity, with a total installed generating capacity of 41,000 kW. The country's energy consumption primarily comes from fossil fuels, but it also utilizes hydroelectric power significantly.
- Electricity Access: 100% of the population
- Installed Capacity: 41,000 kW
- Electricity Generation (2023): 145.827 million kWh
- Energy Consumption per Capita (2023): 36.395 million Btu/person
Environment
Dominica faces several environmental challenges, including pollution from agricultural chemicals and deforestation due to farming. However, the island is also recognized for its commitment to international environmental agreements and conservation initiatives.
- Forest Coverage: 76.6% of land area (2023)
- Total Water Resources: 200 million cubic meters (2022)
- Carbon Dioxide Emissions: 168,000 metric tonnes (2023 est.)
- Annual Solid Waste Generated: 13,200 tons (2024 est.)
Transportation
Dominica's transportation infrastructure includes two airports and a small merchant marine fleet. The island has developed ports that facilitate its trading activities and support its economy.
- Airports: 2 (2025)
- Total Merchant Marine Vessels: 77 (2023)
- Key Ports: Portsmouth and Roseau
Communications
With a significant percentage of the population being internet users, Dominica has a growing telecommunications sector. The country has a range of mobile and fixed-line subscriptions, ensuring broad communication access.
- Internet Users: 84% of the population (2023 est.)
- Mobile Subscriptions: 56,929 (2022 est.)
- Fixed-Line Subscriptions: 7,000 (2021 est.)
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 74,661 | 2024 estimate |
| Area | 751 sq km | |
| GDP (PPP) | $1.241 billion | 2024 estimate |
| GDP per Capita (PPP) | $18,700 | 2024 estimate |
| Life Expectancy | 78.7 years | 2024 estimate |
| Urban Population | 72% | 2023 estimate |
| Electricity Access | 100% | 2022 estimate |
| Total Energy Consumption | 36.395 million Btu/person | 2023 estimate |
| Total Forest Area | 76.6% | Percentage of land area, 2023 |
| Birth Rate | 13.02 births/1,000 | 2025 estimate |
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