Country Profile: Czechia

Czechia, located in Central Europe, is bordered by Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. The nation has a diverse population of approximately 10.8 million people, primarily of Czech and Moravian descent, and thrives under a parliamentary republic government. With a high-income, manufacturing-oriented economy, Czechia has shown moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, while maintaining low unemployment rates.

Geography

Czechia is a landlocked country situated in Central Europe. It features a temperate climate with cool summers and cold winters. The terrain comprises rolling plains, hills, and low mountains, particularly in the regions of Bohemia and Moravia.

Area: 78,867 sq km
Land boundaries: 2,046 km with Austria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia
Highest point: Snezka at 1,602 m
Natural resources: Hard coal, timber, kaolin, and arable land
Irrigated land: 220 sq km as of 2022
Climate: Temperate with a risk of flooding

People and Society

Czechia's population is estimated to be around 10.8 million as of 2025, with a slight majority of ethnic Czechs and a significant portion identifying as Moravian. The country has a diverse linguistic landscape, with Czech as the official language.

Urban population: 74.6% of total population in 2023
Median age: 44.4 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy: 78.6 years (2024 est.)
Birth rate: 9.56 births per 1,000 population (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 2.5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born per woman (2025 est.)

Economy

Czechia boasts a high-income, diversified economy that is heavily reliant on the manufacturing sector, particularly the automotive industry. The country has maintained a steady GDP growth rate, but also faces challenges such as a tight labor market and inflation concerns.

Real GDP (PPP): $521.928 billion (2024 est.)
GDP per capita: $48,000 (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate: 2.6% (2024 est.)
Exports: $239.259 billion (2024 est.)
Imports: $216.741 billion (2024 est.)
Public debt: 36.8% of GDP (2016)

Government

Czechia operates as a parliamentary republic with a bicameral legislature. The country has experienced significant political changes since the peaceful Velvet Revolution in 1989, culminating in its independence on January 1, 1993.

Capital: Prague
Executive branch: President Petr Pavel and Prime Minister Andrej Babis (as of 2023)
Suffrage: Universal at 18 years
Administrative divisions: 13 regions plus the capital
Constitution: Effective since January 1, 1993

Military and Security

The Czech Armed Forces consist of Land Forces, Air Force, and Special Forces, with a focus on defense cooperation through NATO. The military aims to modernize its capabilities and maintain a robust defense strategy.

Active-duty personnel: Approximately 28,000 (2025)
Military expenditures: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military service: Voluntary for ages 18-28 (conscription abolished in 2004)
Military deployments: Up to 130 personnel in NATO missions (2024)

Energy

Czechia has achieved full electrification and maintains a varied energy sector with significant contributions from both nuclear and fossil fuels. The country has made strides towards energy independence, particularly from Russian oil.

Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.)
Total installed capacity: 21.802 million kW (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy share: 40% of total electricity production (2023 est.)
Coal production: 31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Natural gas consumption: 6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Transportation

Czechia has an extensive transportation network, including railways and airports, facilitating domestic and international travel.

Railway network: 9,548 km (2020)
Airports: 252 (2025)
Civil aircraft registration prefix: OK

Communications

Czechia has a well-developed communication infrastructure with widespread internet use and mobile subscriptions.

Internet users: 86% of the population (2023 est.)
Total mobile subscriptions: 13.6 million (2024 est.)
Broadband fixed subscriptions: 4.1 million (2023 est.)

Key Metrics

Metric	Value	Note
Population	10,838,703	Estimated for 2025
Area	78,867 sq km
GDP (PPP)	$521.928 billion	Estimated for 2024
Unemployment Rate	2.6%	Estimated for 2024
Birth Rate	9.56 births/1,000 population	Estimated for 2025
Life Expectancy	78.6 years	Estimated for 2024
Total Fertility Rate	1.73 children born/woman	Estimated for 2025
Electricity Access	100%	Estimated for 2022
Military Expenditures	2% of GDP	Estimated for 2025
Urban Population	74.6%	Total population in 2023