Country Profile: Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island is a subtropical island located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia. With a population of approximately 1,739 residents, the island has a rich history that includes habitation by Polynesians and later the relocation of Pitcairn Islanders. Economically, Norfolk Island is classified as a high-income territory within Australia, primarily driven by tourism and light industry. Its governance has evolved from a largely autonomous region to one administered under Australian oversight, particularly following financial difficulties in the 2010s.
Geography
Norfolk Island covers an area of 36 square kilometers and is characterized by volcanic terrain with mostly rolling plains. The island’s coastline measures 32 kilometers, much of which consists of steep cliffs. The climate is mild and subtropical, with little seasonal temperature variation, making it an attractive location for visitors.
- 36 sq km: Total area of Norfolk Island.
- 32 km: Length of the coastline.
- 25% (2022): Proportion of land used for agriculture.
People and Society
The island's population is predominantly of mixed descent, with significant percentages identifying as Australian, English, and Pitcairn Islander. The official languages are English and a local dialect known as Norfolk, reflecting the island's unique cultural heritage. Religious affiliation is varied, with a majority adhering to Protestant denominations.
- 1,739 (2021): Total population of Norfolk Island.
- 46.8%: Percentage of the population identifying as Protestant (2016).
- 0.01% (2014): Population growth rate.
Economy
Norfolk Island has a small yet high-income economy, heavily reliant on tourism, light industry, and exports of agricultural products. The island was once known as a tax haven, but financial reforms have shifted its economy towards becoming a medical cannabis exporter. The labor force is small with increasing part-time employment opportunities.
- 31% (2023): Percentage of exports going to the USA.
- 52% (2023): Imports derived from Australia.
- Pine seeds: One of the key export commodities.
Government
The territory operates as an overseas dependency of Australia, with its governance subject to changes imposed by the Australian Government. The capital, Kingston, has a local council responsible for various public services, but much of the governance has seen a reduction in autonomy in recent years. The legal system is based on English common law.
- King CHARLES III: Chief of state since 2022.
- 5: Number of directly elected seats in the Norfolk Island Regional Council.
- Bounty Day: National holiday celebrated on June 8.
Military and Security
Defense responsibilities for Norfolk Island lie with Australia, given its status as an Australian territory. The island does not maintain its own military forces.
Energy
No specific information was presented within the supplied sections on energy, therefore it is not included in this profile.
Environment
The environmental concerns on Norfolk Island include inadequate solid-waste management and the preservation of its unique ecosystem. Freshwater is primarily obtained through rainwater catchment due to limited resources.
- 25% (2022): Agricultural land use as a percentage of total land area.
- 12.3% (2022): Proportion of forested land.
Transportation
Norfolk Island is served by one main airport, and its key port is located in Kingston. The transport infrastructure is limited, impacting the overall economy and connectivity to other regions.
- 1 (2025): Number of airports expected to be operational.
- 1 (2024): Total ports on the island.
Communications
The island has limited communication facilities, including one local radio station, and access to satellite broadcasts from Australian media outlets. Internet use is available for nearly half of the population.
- 46.1% (2021): Percentage of residents with internet access.
- .nf: Official internet country code.
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,739 | Total population as of 2021 |
| Area | 36 sq km | Total area of Norfolk Island |
| Agricultural Land | 25% (2022) | Proportion of land used for agriculture |
| Unemployment | Data not provided | |
| Birth Rate | Data not provided | |
| Energy Consumption | Data not provided | |
| GDP | Data not provided | |
| Communication Access | 46.1% (2021) | Internet user percentage |
| Military Responsibility | Australia | Defense is managed by Australia |
| Climate | Subtropical | Mild, little seasonal variation |
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