Country Profile: Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy is a small Caribbean island located between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Originally settled by the French in 1648, the island has a population of approximately 7,079 people (2025 est.), with a significant portion residing in the capital, Gustavia. Its economy is heavily reliant on tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, making it an import-dependent territory for food and energy. The governance of Saint Barthelemy is structured as a parliamentary democracy and it operates as an overseas collectivity of France.
Geography
Saint Barthelemy is situated in the Leeward Islands, east of the US Virgin Islands, characterized by hilly terrain and surrounded by shallow-water reefs. The island has a total area of 25 square kilometers, with a tropical climate featuring distinct dry and humid seasons. The landscape includes plentiful beaches and a significant marine nature reserve that helps protect its coral reefs and marine life.
- 25 sq km: Total area of the island.
- Morne du Vitet (286 m): The highest point on the island.
- 0 km: No land borders with other countries.
People and Society
The population of Saint Barthelemy is diverse, with a mix of ethnic groups including French, Portuguese, and Afro-Caribbean. The primary language spoken is French, with English also used. The demographic profile indicates a median age of 47.7 years and a negative population growth rate of -0.08% (2025 est.). The life expectancy is high, at 81 years (2024 est.), reflecting the overall quality of healthcare available on the island.
- 7,079: Estimated population in 2025.
- 81 years: Life expectancy at birth (2024 est.).
- 1.12 male(s)/female: Overall sex ratio.
Economy
Saint Barthelemy possesses a high-income economy largely dependent on tourism and luxury goods, with no significant agricultural production. The island imports most of its food, water, and energy, while exports primarily include refined copper and jewelry. The economy is vulnerable due to its dependency on external factors, and the labor force includes many Brazilian and Portuguese nationals.
- 57%: Percentage of exports to Spain (2023).
- 100%: Electrification of the population (2021).
- 100%: Access to improved drinking water (2022 est.).
Government
As an overseas collectivity of France, Saint Barthelemy has its own parliamentary democracy with a Territorial Council. The island's governance is marked by a mix of local autonomy and adherence to French laws. The capital, Gustavia, serves as the administrative center and maintains a rich historical background from both French and Swedish colonial influences.
- 18 years: Universal suffrage age.
- 19: Total seats in the Territorial Council.
- 2027: Expected date of the next Territorial Council election.
Military and Security
Defense of Saint Barthelemy is the responsibility of France, ensuring security and protection for the island through its military presence in the region.
Energy
The entire population of Saint Barthelemy has access to electricity, demonstrating the island's successful electrification efforts.
Environment
Environmental challenges facing Saint Barthelemy include land-based pollution, urbanization, limited freshwater resources, and overfishing, which threaten its delicate ecosystem. The island's geography and climate necessitate careful management of its natural resources.
Transportation
Saint Barthelemy hosts a single airport, providing access to international flights and facilitating tourism, which is vital to its economy.
Communications
The island has a variety of communications infrastructure, including local TV and radio broadcasts. A significant percentage of the population utilizes the internet, reflecting the modern communication landscape.
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,079 | Estimated for 2025 |
| Area | 25 sq km | Total area |
| Life Expectancy | 81 years | Estimated for 2024 |
| Electricity Access | 100% | Total population electrified (2021) |
| Birth Rate | 9.32 births/1,000 population | Estimated for 2025 |
| Death Rate | 9.75 deaths/1,000 population | Estimated for 2025 |
| Median Age | 47.7 years | Estimated for 2025 |
| Unemployment Rate | Not specified | - |
| Total Fertility Rate | 1.64 children | Estimated for 2025 |
| Dependency Ratio | 60.1 | Total dependency ratio (2025 est.) |
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