Country Profile: Saint Barthelemy
Saint Barthelemy, an overseas collectivity of France, is a picturesque island located in the Caribbean between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. With a small population of approximately 7,079, it is known for its tropical climate and tourist-driven economy, heavily reliant on luxury commerce and services. The island's governance is characterized by a parliamentary democracy and local autonomy, having seceded from Guadeloupe in 2003. Its rich history, beautiful landscapes, and vibrant culture make it a unique destination in the Caribbean.
Geography
Saint Barthelemy is situated in the Leeward Islands and features a hilly terrain surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with numerous beaches enhancing its appeal. The island covers a total area of 25 square kilometers and enjoys a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: dry and humid. Notably, it is home to a marine nature reserve that protects its coral reefs and endangered marine species.
- 25 sq km: Total area of the island.
- Morne du Vitet: Highest elevation at 286 m.
- 0 km: Land boundaries, being entirely surrounded by water.
- 8.5% (2022): Forested land.
- 91.5% (2022): Area classified as 'other' land use.
People and Society
The population of Saint Barthelemy is projected to be around 7,079 in 2025, with a median age of 47.7 years. The island is predominantly French-speaking, with English also spoken, reflecting its diverse ethnic background comprising French, Portuguese, and Afro-Caribbean communities. The life expectancy is high, at 81 years, and the demographic structure indicates a significant aging population.
- 81 years: Life expectancy at birth (2024 est.).
- 1.12 male(s)/female: Total sex ratio est. (2024).
- 0.08%: Estimated population growth rate (2025).
- 100%: Access to improved drinking water and sanitation facilities (2022 est.).
- 9.32 births/1,000: Birth rate (2025 est.).
Economy
Saint Barthelemy boasts a high-income economy primarily driven by tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, though it is heavily reliant on imports for essential goods such as food and water. The island's economic activity is further supported by a significant labor force from Brazil and Portugal. Its primary exports include refined copper and jewelry.
- 57%: Share of exports going to Spain (2023).
- 50%: Share of imports sourced from Switzerland (2023).
- 100%: Electricity access for the entire population (2021).
Government
Saint Barthelemy functions as an overseas collectivity of France, governed by a parliamentary democracy with a Territorial Council. The capital city, Gustavia, was named in honor of King Gustav III of Sweden. The local governance structure allows for elected representation, with elections held every five years.
- 19: Seats in the unicameral Territorial Council.
- 18 years: Universal suffrage age.
- Emmanuel Macron: Current President of France since May 14, 2017.
Military and Security
The defense of Saint Barthelemy is managed by France, providing a security framework that ensures the island is protected without maintaining its own military forces.
Energy
Saint Barthelemy enjoys complete electrification, with 100% of the population having access to electricity as of 2021. This reliability in energy provision supports its tourism-centric economy.
Environment
The island faces environmental challenges including limited freshwater resources, urbanization, and overfishing. Its land use primarily consists of 91.5% categorized as 'other', with minimal agricultural land due to the focus on tourism.
Transportation
Saint Barthelemy has one airport, facilitating access to the island. This is crucial for its tourism industry and the import of goods.
Communications
The island has two local TV broadcasters and five FM radio channels as of 2021, with 71.3% of the population using the internet (2022 est.). It utilizes its internet country code .bl, along with .gp and .fr.
Key Metrics
| Metric | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,079 | Estimated for 2025 |
| Area | 25 sq km | Total area of the island |
| Life Expectancy | 81 years | Estimated for 2024 |
| Birth Rate | 9.32 births/1,000 population | Estimated for 2025 |
| Electricity Access | 100% | Total population electrification (2021) |
| Forest Coverage | 8.5% | Estimated for 2022 |
| Sex Ratio | 1.12 | Total population estimate (2024) |
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